Objective: Considering the topography of religious sites is essential when traversing a religious pilgrimage. Analyses of terrain ruggedness convey the rigor of five pilgrimages and the relationship between culture and geography.
Figure 1. Terrain ruggedness rubric.
Figure 2. Saint Peter's Basilica has level terrain for a gentle pilgrimage.
Figure 3. The land surrounding Mecca is slightly rugged resulting in mild conditions for a pilgrimage.
Figure 4. Sri Prada's terrain has intermediately rugged areas, proving a more intense pilgrimage journey.
Figure 5. The terrain around the Western Wall has intermediate ruggedness for a slightly rigorous expedition.
Figure 6. Positioned in the Garhwal Himalayas of India, Badrinath's rugged terrain is for dedicated devotees.